噪声及振动对人的影响
 

题目
 Item Bias in the Cross-Cultural Evaluation of tonal Content      不同文化对音色含义评价的差异
 
作者
 Hans Hansen      汉斯·汉森
 
单位
 Oldenburg University, Germany      德国奥尔登堡大学
 
摘要
        An evaluation of tonal components in noise using a semantic differential approach yields several perceptual and connotativefactors. This study investigates the effect of culture on these factors with the aid of equivalent listening tests carried out in Japan (n = 20), France (n = 23) and Germany (n = 20). The data’s equivalence level is determined by a bias analysis. This analysis gives insight in the cross-cultural validity of the scales used for sound character determination. After target-rotating the three factors solution, i.e., pleasant, metallic and power, which were extracted by factor analysis in all cultural subsamples, a basis is established on which a bias analysis of the single adjective items is conducted. The a priori assumption of unbiased scales is rejected; the cross-cultural differences in mean obtained are partially linked to bias effects. The analyses give insight into the usage common semantic scales cross-culturally. Various items and their bias in the context of tonal contents estimation will be discussed.
 
 
 
题目
 Subjective Evaluation of Tonalness and Relation between Tonalness and Unpleasantness      对音色的主观评估及音色与不满意度之间的关系
 
作者
 Etienne Parizet      圣支蒂安·帕瑞赛特
 
单位
 LVA Insa-Lyon, France      法国里昂国立应用科学学院-振动和声音实验室
 
摘要
        The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of several well known tonalness metrics : Tone-to-Noise ratio, Prominence Ratio and Aures subjective model. The first experiment used a magnitude estimation method to evaluate the subjective tonalness of sounds made of a background noise and an emerging tone with different frequencies and emerging levels. An analysis of variance of data shown that each factor was significant, while the interaction between them was not. Aures' model proved to give accurate prediction of the subjective results as well as Prominence Ratio (but this was no longer true for Toneto- Noise Ratio). In a second experiment, subjects were asked to evaluate the unpleasantness of each sound, using the same procedure. Subjective values could be reasonably well described by adding the DIN-penalty to the A-weighted level, though a more accurate model could be built from a linear combination of Aures' tonalness and sharpness. These two experiments were repeated using pluri-harmonic sounds. In that case, DIN DL failed to predict tonalness, while Aures' model was still valid. Once more, this metric, together with sharpness, was also able to predict annoyance. The conclusion of this study is therefore to promote this model instead of TNR and PR.
 
 
 

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